tailieunhanh - Lecture Investments (Special Indian Edition): Chapter 26 - Bodie, Kane, Marcus

We begin the chapter by describing and comparing the various types of investment companies available to investors. We then examine the functions of mutual funds, their investment styles and policies, and the costs of investing in these funds. Next we take a first look at the investment performance of these funds. | Chapter 27 The Theory of Active Portfolio Management Lure of Active Management Are markets totally efficient? Some managers outperform the market for extended periods. While the abnormal performance may not be too large, it is too large to be attributed solely to noise. Evidence of anomalies such as the turn of the year exist. The evidence suggests that there is some role for active management. Market Timing Adjust the portfolio for movements in the market. Shift between stocks and money market instruments or bonds. Results: higher returns, lower risk (downside is eliminated). With perfect ability to forecast behaves like an option. rf rf rM Return of a Perfect Market Timer Returns from 1990 - 1999 Year Lg Stocks T-Bills 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 With Perfect Forecasting Ability Switch to bills in 1990 and 1994 Mean = Standard Deviation = Invested in large stocks for the entire period Mean = Standard Deviation = The results are clearly related to the period With Imperfect Ability to Forecast Long horizon to judge the ability Judge proportions of correct calls Bull markets and bear market calls Superior Selection Ability Concentrate funds in undervalued stocks or undervalued sectors or industries. Balance funds in an active portfolio and in a passive portfolio. Active selection will mean some unsystematic risk. Treynor-Black Model Model used to combine actively managed stocks with a passively managed portfolio. Using a reward-to-risk measure that is similar to the the Sharpe Measure, the optimal combination of active and passive portfolios can be determined. Treynor-Black Model: Assumptions Analysts will have a limited ability to find a select number of undervalued securities. Portfolio managers can estimate the expected return and risk, and the abnormal performance for the actively-managed portfolio. Portfolio managers can estimate the expected risk and return parameters for a broad market (passively managed) portfolio. Reward to Variability Measures Passive Portfolio : Appraisal Ratio: Reward to Variability Measures Reward to Variability Measures Combined Portfolio : Treynor-Black Allocation M A P E(r) CML CAL Rf Summary Points: Treynor-Black Model Sharpe Measure will increase with added ability to pick stocks. Slope of CAL>CML (rp-rf)/ p > (rm-rf)/ p P is the portfolio that combines the passively managed portfolio with the actively managed portfolio. The combined efficient frontier has a higher return for the same level of risk. | Chapter 27 The Theory of Active Portfolio Management Lure of Active Management Are markets totally efficient? Some managers outperform the market for extended periods. While the abnormal performance may not be too large, it is too large to be attributed solely to noise. Evidence of anomalies such as the turn of the year exist. The evidence suggests that there is some role for active management. Market Timing Adjust the portfolio for movements in the market. Shift between stocks and money market instruments or bonds. Results: higher returns, lower risk (downside is eliminated). With perfect ability to forecast behaves like an option. rf rf rM Return of a Perfect Market Timer Returns from 1990 - 1999 Year Lg Stocks T-Bills 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 With Perfect Forecasting Ability Switch to bills in 1990 and 1994 Mean = Standard Deviation = .