tailieunhanh - Ebook Netter's surgical anatomy review P.R.N: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Netter's surgical anatomy review " presents the following contents: Pelvis and perineum (anorectal diseases, pelvic fractures, prostate diseases,.), upper limb (pectoral girdle fractures, humerus fractures, forearm fractures,.), lower limb (hip and thigh fractures, knee and leg fractures, ankle and foot fractures). | Pelvis and Perineum This page intentionally left blank 16 Anorectal Diseases ANORECTAL ANATOMY Rectum Wider diameter than most of colon except for cecum 12-16 cm in length starting at about the sacral promontory extending to dentate line of anal canal Anterior aspect of upper 4-6 cm is intraperitoneal with serosal surface. Lower majority of rectum lies within extraperi-toneal pelvis with no serosa. Taeniae coli spread out at rectosigmoid junction to form a continuous external longitudinal muscle layer. Three flexures of rectum usually correspond with 3 transverse rectal folds superior middle and inferior rectal valves . Valves overlie thickenings of circular muscle. Ampulla terminal portion rectum below inferior valve supported by levator ani and anococcygeal ligament Women thin rectovaginal septum separates anterior inferior rectum from vagina Men prostate and seminal vesicles lie anterior to inferior rectum Mucosa columnar epithelium down to dentate .