tailieunhanh - Ebook Introduction to genetic analysis (9th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Introduction to genetic analysis" presents the following contents: Gene isolation and manipulation, genomics, the dynamic genome - Transposable elements, genetic regulation of cell number - Normal and cancer cells, population genetics, quantitative genetics, evolutionary genetics,. and other contents. | 11 GENE ISOLATION AND MANIPULATION Injection of foreign DNA into an animal cell. The microneedle used for injection is shown at right and a cell-holding pipette at left. Copyright M. Baret Rapho Photo Researchers Inc. KEY QUESTIONS How is a gene isolated and amplified by cloning How are specific DNAs or RNAs identified in mixtures How is DNA amplified without cloning How is amplified DNA used in genetics How are DNA technologies applied to medicine OUTLINE Generating recombinant DNA molecules DNA amplification in vitro the polymerase chain reaction Zeroing in on the gene for alkaptonuria another case study Detecting human disease alleles molecular genetic diagnostics Genetic engineering 341 342 Chapter 11 Gene Isolation and Manipulation CHAPTER OVERVIEW enes are the central focus of genetics and so clearly it is desirable to be able to isolate a gene of interest or any DNA region from the genome and amplify it to obtain a working amount to study. DNA technology is a term that describes the collective techniques for obtaining amplifying and manipulating specific DNA fragments. Since the mid-1970s the development of DNA technology has revolutionized the study of biology opening many areas of research to molecular investigation. Genetic engineering the application of DNA technology to specific biological medical or agricultural problems is now a well-established branch of technology. Genomics is the ultimate extension of the technology to the global analysis of the nucleic acids present in a nucleus a cell an organism or a group of related species Chapter 12 . How can working samples of individual DNA segments be isolated That task initially might seem like finding a needle in a haystack. A crucial insight was that researchers could create the large samples of DNA that they needed by tricking the DNA replication machinery to replicate the DNA segment in question. Such replication could be done either within live bacterial cells in vivo or in a