tailieunhanh - Hacker Professional Ebook part 175

Tham khảo tài liệu 'hacker professional ebook part 175', công nghệ thông tin, kỹ thuật lập trình phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Random Variable In statistics a term or label for an unknown value. Also used when each of the possible values have some known probability. A discrete random variable takes on a finite set of values. The probability of each value is the frequency function or probability density function and the graph of the frequency function is the frequency distribution. Range The set of the results from a mapping for all possible arguments. Also see domain. Really Random A random value or sequence derived from a source which is expected to produce no predictable or repeatable relationship between values. Examples of a really random source might include radioactive decay Johnson or thermal noise shot noise from a Zener diode or reverse-biased junction in breakdown etc. Clearly some sort of circuitry will be required to detect these generally low-level events and the quality of the result is often directly related to the design of the electronic processing. Other sources of randomness might be precise keystroke timing and the accumulated hash of text of substantial size. Also called physically random and truly random. As opposed to pseudorandom see random number generator . Really random values are particularly important as message key objects or as a sequence for use in a realized one-time pad. Also see Random Number Machines A Literature Survey and Random Electrical Noise A Literature Survey in the Literature Surveys and Reviews section of the Ciphers By Ritter page and Randomness Links in Ritter s Net Links page. Relay Classically an electro-mechanical component consisting of a mechanical switch operated by the magnetic force produced by an electromagnet a conductor wound around an iron dowel or core. A relay is at least potentially a sort of mechanical slow and nonlinear amplifier which is well-suited to power control. Research Hypothesis In statistics the statement formulated so that the logically contrary statement the null hypothesis H0 has a test statistic with a known .