tailieunhanh - Ebook Microbiology demystified: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Microbiology demystified" presents the following contents: Classification of microorganisms, the prokaryotes - Domains archaea and bacteria, the eukaryotes - Fungi, algae, protozoa, and helminths, vi ruses, viroids, and prions, epidemiology and disease, immunity, vaccines and diagnosing diseases, antimicrobial drugs. | I CHAPTER I Classification of Microorganisms It is uncanny how a stranger can be at a large family gathering and be able to pick out who belongs to Mom s family and who belongs to Dad s family. Although no two people at the gathering look the same there are enough similarities among some for the unbiased observer to deduce a relationship. Scientists group together microorganisms much the same way as a stranger can group family members together. That is scientists carefully observe microorganisms and classify them into groups based on similar characteristics. In this chapter you ll learn how to use scientific techniques to organize microorganisms into standard classifications based on a microorganism s characteristics. Taxonomy Nothing to Do with the IRS Organisms have traits that are similar to and different from other organisms. Scientists organize organisms into groups by developing a taxonomy. Taxonomy is the science of organisms based on a presumed natural relationship. ---------MỂ9 Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Click here for terms of use. CHAPTER 9 Classification of Microorganisms Scientists observe each organism noting its characteristics. Organisms that have similar characteristics are presumed to have a natural relationship and therefore are placed in the same group. Classification tries to show this natural relationship. Taxonomy has three components Classification. The arrangement of organisms into groups based on similar characteristics evolutionary similarity or common ancestry. These groups are also called taxa. Nomenclature. The name given to each organism. Each name must be unique and should depict the dominant characteristic of the organism. Identification. The process of observing and classifying organisms into a standard group that is recognized throughout the biological community. Taxonomy is a subset of systemics. Systemics is the study of organisms in order to place organisms having similar characteristics into the same .