tailieunhanh - Ebook BRS Pathology (4th edition) : Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "BRS Pathology" presents the following contents: Hemorrhagic disorders; respiratory system; gastrointestinal tract; liver, gallbladder, and exocrine pancreas, kidney and urinary tract, male reproductive system, female reproductive system and breast,. | chapter 1 3 Hemorrhagic Disorders I. DISORDERS OF PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS A. General considerations 1. Disorders of primary hemostasis are defects of initial platelet plug formation. 2. Bleeding from small vessels and capillaries resulting in mucocutaneous bleeding is characteristic. Petechial pinpoint or punctate hemorrhages occur in the skin and mucous membranes with bleeding and oozing from the nose epistaxis gums and gastrointestinal tract. Note Multiple petechial subcutaneous hemorrhages may sometimes be described as a rash. 3. Another feature of note is often prolonged bleeding time although this test has suboptimal accuracy and is rarely performed in clinical practice anymore. Other tests such as the prothrombin time PT and activated partial thromboplastin time APTT or PTT are characteristically normal. 4. The causes include lesions of the vasculature thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction such as Glanzmann thrombasthenia or alterations in the plasma proteins required for adhesion of platelets to vascular subendothelium. B. Lesions of the vasculature. Usually no laboratory abnormalities are associated with bleeding due to small blood vessel dysfunction but a prolonged bleeding time is sometimes noted. Examples include the following 1. Simple purpura is easy bruising especially of the upper thighs in otherwise healthy persons. 2. Senile purpura is marked by hemorrhagic areas on the back of the hands and forearms of older persons. This condition is presumed to arise from age-dependent atrophy of vascular supportive tissues. 3. Scurvy is vitamin C deficiency. Clinical characteristics include a. Extensive primary hemostatic bleeding with gingival hemorrhages b. Bleeding into muscles and subcutaneous tissue c. Hemorrhagic perifollicular hyperkeratotic papules each papule surrounding a twisted corkscrew-like hair 4. Henoch-Schonlein purpura allergic purpura a. This condition is a form of leukocytoclastic angiitis hypersensitivity vasculitis resulting from an immune .

• Y khoa - Dược
• BRS Pathology
• Hemorrhagic disorders
• Respiratory system
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Exocrine pancreas
• Male reproductive system
• Female reproductive system and breast
• Cellular reaction to injury
• Hemodynamic dysfunction
• Immune dysfunction
• Environmental pathology
• Nutritional disorders
• Genetic disorders
• Vascular system
• Exocrine pancres
• Urinary tract
• Female reproductive system
• Musculoskeletal system
• Nervous system
• Proliferative disorders
• Endocrine system
• Clinical examination
• Practical skills
• Female breast