tailieunhanh - Lecture Ecological Anthropology: Theoretical Approaches - Dr. Annuska Derks

Lecture Ecological Anthropology: Theoretical Approaches of Dr. Annuska Derks Cross cultural study of society and environment, Influence Environment on Society vs Influence Society on Environment. | Ecological Anthropology: Theoretical Approaches Dr. Annuska Derks What does Anthropology contribute to the study of the environment? Cross-cultural study of society and environment Influence Environment on Society vs Influence Society on Environment Ecological Anthropology: An Overview Early 20th century: Environmental Possibilism 1950s-1960s: Cultural Ecology 1960s-1980s: Ecological Anthropology: Neofunctionalism 1990s-now: Ecological Anthropology: New Ecologies / Processual Approaches 3 theoretical approaches Cultural Ecology – Julian Steward Ecosystem Approach – Roy Rappaport Cultural Materialism – Marvin Harris Cultural Ecology Julian Steward (1902-1972) Effect of environment upon culture Ecology = „adaptation to environment“ Cultural ecology = study of adaptation to environment by means of culture; in the larger sense, the problem is to determine whether similar adjustments occur in similar environments Method of Cultural Ecology First, the relationship between subsistence strategies and natural resources must be analyzed. Second, the behavior patterns involved in a particular subsistence strategy must be analyzed. Third, it has to be determined how these behavior patterns affect other aspects of the society. Distinction cultural core = those features of society that are most closely related to subsistence activities and economic arrangements secondary features = those features that are determined to a greater extent by purely cultural-historical factors and which give the appearance of outward distinctiveness to cultures with similar cores Shoshone Indians – Great Basin Source: Shoshone Indians Small hunting and gathering groups Dry harsh environment Low population density Exogamy Patrilocality Patrilinear kinship Source: Patrilineal band = cultural type as a result of environmental adaptation = crossculturally . | Ecological Anthropology: Theoretical Approaches Dr. Annuska Derks What does Anthropology contribute to the study of the environment? Cross-cultural study of society and environment Influence Environment on Society vs Influence Society on Environment Ecological Anthropology: An Overview Early 20th century: Environmental Possibilism 1950s-1960s: Cultural Ecology 1960s-1980s: Ecological Anthropology: Neofunctionalism 1990s-now: Ecological Anthropology: New Ecologies / Processual Approaches 3 theoretical approaches Cultural Ecology – Julian Steward Ecosystem Approach – Roy Rappaport Cultural Materialism – Marvin Harris Cultural Ecology Julian Steward (1902-1972) Effect of environment upon culture Ecology = „adaptation to environment“ Cultural ecology = study of adaptation to environment by means of culture; in the larger sense, the problem is to determine whether similar adjustments occur in similar environments Method of Cultural Ecology First, the relationship between subsistence .

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