tailieunhanh - Lectures Comparative political: Lecture II

Lectures Comparative political: Lecture II - democracy and authoritarianism presented the development of democracy, defining democracy, typologies of democracy. | LECTURE II DEMOCRACY AND AUTHORITARIANISM DEMOCRACY I. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY First known democratic system could be recorded in Athens THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY 3 waves of development 1st : 1826 – 1926 was then reversed part by rise of fascism/authoritarianism in 1920s/1930s 2nd : post WW II and reversed in 1960s/1970s 3rd : initiated in Portugal in 1974 - reached explosive levels - post 1989 In the 1950s and 1960s, democracy constituted ¼ of world regimes compared to almost ¾ now Once small & homogeneous group of regimes now become large & heterogeneous II. DEFINING DEMOCRACY The term comes from the Greek meaning "rule of the people" A form of government in which all eligible people have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives Ideally, it includes equal (and more or less direct) participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law No specific, universally accepted definition of 'democracy', equality and freedom identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times Voting right remains crucial in democracy DEFINING DEMOCRACY Procedural vs. Substantive democracy: the former focuses on how the regime is organized, the process by which representation, accountability, and legitimacy is assured The latter deals with goals and effectiveness of the regime, the extent to which the will of the people might be served DEFINING DEMOCRACY Liberal democracy A common form of representative democracy in which election is free and fair, and the political process should be competitive Take various constitutional forms: it may be a constitutional republic (the US, France), or a constitutional monarchy (the UK, Spain, or Japan). It may have a presidential system (the US, Brazil), a semi-presidential system (France, Russia, Poland, or a parliamentary system (the UK, Australia, Canada, India) Illiberal democracy Also called partial democracy or delegative democracy in which elections take place but citizens are not . | LECTURE II DEMOCRACY AND AUTHORITARIANISM DEMOCRACY I. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY First known democratic system could be recorded in Athens THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY 3 waves of development 1st : 1826 – 1926 was then reversed part by rise of fascism/authoritarianism in 1920s/1930s 2nd : post WW II and reversed in 1960s/1970s 3rd : initiated in Portugal in 1974 - reached explosive levels - post 1989 In the 1950s and 1960s, democracy constituted ¼ of world regimes compared to almost ¾ now Once small & homogeneous group of regimes now become large & heterogeneous II. DEFINING DEMOCRACY The term comes from the Greek meaning "rule of the people" A form of government in which all eligible people have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives Ideally, it includes equal (and more or less direct) participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law No specific, universally accepted definition of 'democracy', equality and freedom identified as .

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