tailieunhanh - Real Analysis with Economic Applications - Chapter I

Chapter I Metric Linear Spaces In Chapters C-G we have laid out a foundation for studying a number of issues that arise in metric spaces (such as continuity and completeness) and others that arise in linear spaces (such as linear extensions and convexity). | Chapter I Metric Linear Spaces In Chapters C-G we have laid out a foundation for studying a number of issues that arise in metric spaces such as continuity and completeness and others that arise in linear spaces such as linear extensions and convexity . However save for a few exceptions in the context of Euclidean spaces we have so far studied such matters in isolation from each other. This should really be remedied for in most applications one works with a space structure that allows for the simultaneous consideration of metric and linear properties. In this chapter therefore we bring our earlier metric and linear analyses together and explore a framework that is general enough to encompass such situations. In particular this setup will allow us to talk about things like continuous linear functions complete linear spaces closed convex sets and so on. We begin the chapter by discussing in which sense one may think of a metric structure to be imposed on a linear space as compatible with the inherent algebraic structure of that space. This leads us to the notion of metric linear space. After going through several examples of such linear spaces we derive some elementary properties pertaining to them and examine when a linear functional defined on such a space would be continuous. We discuss the basic properties of continuous linear functionals here in some detail and highlight the significance of them from a geometric viewpoint. We then consider several characterizations of finite dimensional metric linear spaces and finally provide a primer on convex analysis on infinite dimensional metric linear spaces. The most important results within this framework will clarify the basic connection between the notions of openness and algebraic openness and sharpen the separation theorems we have obtained in Chapter G. A common theme that keeps coming up throughout the chapter pertains to the crucial differences between the finite and infinite dimensional metric linear spaces. In

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