tailieunhanh - Teaching academic ESL writing part 19

Tham khảo tài liệu 'teaching academic esl writing part 19', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 168 CHAPTER 7 6. The students are taught by the Silent Method. If this sentence is converted back from the passive to the active voice the following structure results 7. The Silent Method teaches the students. As noted in passive sentences agentive Ay-phrases are located at the end and include nouns and noun phrases that would be subjects of parallel active constructions . The solution was mixed by the student passive The student mixed the solution active . In this case the test question can be used to identify the doer of the verb action Does the subject noun of the sentence perform do the action expressed by the verb If the answer is no then the passive cannot be used . Teachers teach the students . Thus the sentence may need to be completely rewritten 8. Teachers taught the students by means of the Silent Method instrumental meaning 9. Students were taught by means of the Silent Method instrumental meaning When working with passive sentences it is important that L2 writers learn to identify the differences in meaning and function between the agentive meaning of the Ay-phrase the action was done by whom who did the action and the instrumental meaning in the by means of phrase see also chap. 11 how was the action done by what means was the action done . The agentive Ay-phrase refers direcdy to the doer of the action and the sentence subject that did the action can be always reconstructed when the passive sentence is converted back to active as in 6 . On the other hand instrumental by means of prepositional phrases can never be sentences subjects of any sentence see chap. 3 . In general terms the uses of tenses and aspects in English are complex and tense-related errors are considered to be one of the most grievous in L2 writing. However written academic discourse and text are relatively rigid and conventionalized from this perspective L2 writers do not need to become excellent users of the entire range of tenses in English but only some of them. A great .