tailieunhanh - Teaching academic ESL writing part 18

Tham khảo tài liệu 'teaching academic esl writing part 18', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 158 CHAPTER 7 o To correct these types of errors a past time adverbial marker needs to be inserted to reframe the context for the present time and tense . Last quarter student studied hard and now he gets good grades . In other occurrences of mixed present and past tenses one verb may refer to an activity that takes place in the general present but another verb denotes a past-tense activity . When the market moves up and down every day the fund manager issued a new policy . In this sentence both tenses present and past are used logically. The market moves every day refers to an action that is generally true whereas the fund manager took a onetime past-tense action to issue a new policy. In this case the inconsistent use of tenses can be corrected in two ways 1 by inserting an adverbial or other marker such as an adjective to reframe the context for a different tense and time as discussed earlier or 2 by changing the past tense to the general present tense to match the other verb s . When the market moves up and down every day the fund manager issues a new policy . The problem with merely changing the tense of the verb as in 2 is this correction may appear factually untruthful to the writer if it is known that the past time action of the manager s issuing a new policy is a factual past time event. It is important to emphasize that the uses of the general present tense are highly conventionalized in academic writing in English and that the verb tenses must meet the requirements of the conventions even when they may appear to be somewhat factually incorrect. The following extended example demonstrates various inconsistent uses of tenses in an excerpt from a student s paper on efficiency in public administration Every country in the world has simple present many problems such as pollution unemployment crime war and so on. And in most modem countries the government lakes simple present a role to solve these problems. It is simple present due to the fact that .