tailieunhanh - Teaching academic ESL writing part 12

Tham khảo tài liệu 'teaching academic esl writing part 12', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 98 CHAPTERS and 11 . A study based on a large corpus of L2 academic essays has shown that even advanced L2 writers employ lexical substitutions significantly less frequently than first-year NS students simply because NNSs rely on a severely restricted lexical repertoire. NNS students who have taken the TOEFL are familiar with lexical replacements . The word substitution in line paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to 1 replacement 2 restitution 3 reconstruction 4 replication . To write papers in the disciplines students need to know key terms used in each domain of studies such as economics physics or history. Usually discipline-specific terms are heavily emphasized in courses lectures and textbooks and most students learn them as a part of their coursework. However even in discipline-specific papers increasing the vocabulary associated with nouns can be essential. The following excerpt comes from an assignment in basic physics 2 Density is an important unit and usually used in measuring and calculating amount of material. Density is the mass of a specific compound divided by its volume such as the density of water is I g cm3. However when different subunits represent density the amount of density becomes different. Although the term density is used to refer to a particular property of a material its repetition can be avoided by means of pronouns and sentence combining . the first sentence in this excerpt can easily be combined with the second see chap. 6 Pronouns and chap. 10 Subordinate Clauses . In addition however the word amount is also repeated and the redundancy can be avoided Amount computation result ratio value. However as with uses of dictionaries the teacher needs to preselect applicable and contextually appropriate lexical items that can meet students needs without pitfalls. The following example is extracted from an assignment in an economics course 3 There are at least 2900 companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange 1000 companies on the .