tailieunhanh - Lecture Environmental science - Chapter 12: Energy from fossil fuels

The most popular energy sources being used today (fossil fuels) are finite and will need to be replaced in the future. The possible sources of energy which can be used in place of fossil fuels each have their own advantages and disadvantages. In chapter 12, we will learn the energy from fossil fuels. This chapter also provide a description of the various types of fossil fuels including their sources and methods used for their extraction. | Chapter 12 Energy from Fossil Fuels Important energy facts Brief history of energy *1700-1800 Fire wood *1900-1920 Coal *1950- now crude oil “production of crude oil” = with drawing it from reserves OPEC (pg 314) organization of petroleum exporting countries (Mid-east countries mainly) Decrease in crude oil production Increase in crude oil consumption So the price went up During the oil crisis of 1973 How are Fossil Fuels Formed? How much do we have? Coal-several (400) hundred years Oil- supplies are close to their peak production. One prediction says we could be out of oil in 2045. Natural Gas – at least a 50 year supply in the United States World Oil Production Dr. Francois E. Cellier Graph Information The black curve (a) shows the historical data of world oil production from 1930 until 2006. The blue curve (b) shows a Hubbert extrapolation model that is based on the last 22 years of historical production data. The model postulates that . | Chapter 12 Energy from Fossil Fuels Important energy facts Brief history of energy *1700-1800 Fire wood *1900-1920 Coal *1950- now crude oil “production of crude oil” = with drawing it from reserves OPEC (pg 314) organization of petroleum exporting countries (Mid-east countries mainly) Decrease in crude oil production Increase in crude oil consumption So the price went up During the oil crisis of 1973 How are Fossil Fuels Formed? How much do we have? Coal-several (400) hundred years Oil- supplies are close to their peak production. One prediction says we could be out of oil in 2045. Natural Gas – at least a 50 year supply in the United States World Oil Production Dr. Francois E. Cellier Graph Information The black curve (a) shows the historical data of world oil production from 1930 until 2006. The blue curve (b) shows a Hubbert extrapolation model that is based on the last 22 years of historical production data. The model postulates that the peak of world oil production will occur around 2012. The model predicts further that the total amount of oil ever to be produced is 2445 * 109 barrels. Out of those, 50% have already been produced, ., still to be produced are * 109 barrels. This number is consistent with the proved oil reserve figures published by BP. According to BP, the proved oil reserves are * 109 barrels. The red curve (c) shows a constant exploitation model. This is the oil utilization model, on which the oil reserves of years are based. According to this model, we continue to produce and consume oil at the current level for more years, after which time it will be all gone. The green curve (d) shows an exponential growth model. To obtain it, I calculated the average exponential annual growth rate over the last 10 years (), and postulated that oil exploitation shall continue to grow exponentially. Using this model, the remaining oil reserves will last for another 28 years only. .

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