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NUPOS: A part of speech tag set for written English from Chaucer to the present

A second criterion for meaningful research on cross-language transfer is the recognition that literacy comprises many component skills. The component skills of reading must be carefully assessed in the first and second language to trace the development of first- and second-language abilities in relation to one another. Our research design used a combination of standardized and researcher-developed measures to assess phonological awareness, phonemic segmentation (ability to divide words into their component sounds), word reading skills (letter recognition, word recognition, and ability to read psuedowords), word knowledge skills, and comprehension skills in both Spanish and English. We also. | NUPOS A part of speech tag set for written English from Chaucer to the present By Martin Mueller November 2009 1 Introduction and Summary.2 2 What is POS tagging .2 3 The concept of the LemPos.3 4 About tag sets.4 5 The NUPOS tag set.5 5.1 The history of the NUPOS tag set.5 5.2 The structure of the NUPOS tag set.7 5.3 Negative forms and un-words.7 5.4 Comparative and superlative forms.8 5.5 Word Class and PoS.8 5.6 POS or part of speech proper.9 5.7 Ambiguous word classes.10 5.8 One word or many .11 5.9 The verb be .13 5.10 The lempos and standardized spelling.13 5.11 How many tags and how many errors .14 5.12 Tagging at different levels of granularity.15 6 Appendix.16 NUPOS page 2 Introduction and Summary The following is a description of NUPOS a part-of-speech POS tag set designed to accommodate the major morphosyntactic features of written English from Chaucer to the present day. The description is written for an audience not familiar with POS tagging. NUPOS is part of an enterprise to make the results of such tagging useful to humanities scholars who are not professional linguists and have not considered its utility for a wide variety of applications beyond linguistics proper. While the NUPOS tag set can be used with any tagger that can be trained so far it has been used only with Morphadorner http wordhoard.northwestern.edu an NLP suite developed by Phil Burns and used extensively in the MONK project. Some 2 000 texts from the 1500 s to the late 1800 s have been tagged with it. 2 What is POS tagging A part-of-speech tag set is a classification system that allows you to assign some grammatical description to each word occurrence in a text. This assignment can be done by hand or automatically. Typically you train an automatic tagger by giving it the results of a hand-tagged corpus. The tagger then applies to unknown text corpora what it learned from the training set. The knowledge of the automatic tagger may consist of a set of rules or of a statistical analysis