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70 Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Airborne Surveillance Radar

Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is a multi-dimensional filtering technique developed for minimizing the effects of various kinds of interference on target detection with a pulsed airborne surveillance radar. | Hong Wang. Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Airborne Surveillance Radar. 2000 CRC Press LLC. http www.engnetbase.com . Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Airborne Surveillance Radar Hong Wang Syracuse University 70.1 Main Receive Aperture and Analog Beamforming 70.2 Data to be Processed 70.3 The Processing Needs and Major Issues 70.4 Temporal DOF Reduction 70.5 Adaptive Filtering with Needed and Sample-Supportable DOF and Embedded CFAR Processing 70.6 Scan-To-Scan Track-Before-Detect Processing 70.7 Real-Time Nonhomogeneity Detection and Sample Conditioning and Selection 70.8 Space or Space-Range Adaptive Pre-Suppression of Jammers 70.9 A STAP Example with a Revisit to Analog Beamforming 70.10 Summary References Space-Time Adaptive Processing STAP is a multi-dimensional filtering technique developed for minimizing the effects of various kinds of interference on target detection with a pulsed airborne surveillance radar. The most common dimensions or filtering domains generally include the azimuth angle elevation angle polarization angle doppler frequency etc. in which the relatively weak target signal to be detected and the interference have certain differences. In the following the STAP principle will be illustrated for filtering in the joint azimuth angle space and doppler frequency time domain only. STAP has been a very active research and development area since the publication of Reed et al. s seminal paper 1 . With the recently completed Multichannel Airborne Radar Measurement project MCARM 2 - 5 STAP has been established as a valuable alternative to the traditional approaches such as ultra-low sidelobe beamforming and Displaced Phase Center Antenna DPCA 6 . Much of STAP research and development efforts have been driven by the needs to make the system affordable to simplify its front-hardware calibration and to minimize the system s performance loss in severely nonhomogeneous environments. Figure 70.1 is a general configuration of STAP functional blocks 5 7