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Báo cáo khoa học: "Lexical Transfer based on bilingual signs: Towards interaction during transfer"

The lexical transfer phase is the most crucial step in MT because most of difficult problems are caused by lexical differences between two languages. In order to treat lexical issues systematically in transfer-based MT systems, we introduce the concept of bilingual-sings which are defined by pairs of equivalent monolingual signs. The bilingual signs not only relate the local linguistic structures of two languages but also play a central role in connecting the linguistic processes of translation with knowledge based inferences. . | Lexical Transfer based on bilingual signs Towards interaction during transfer Jun-ich Tsujii Kimikazu Fujita Centre for Computational Linguistics University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology PO Box 88 Manchester M60 1QD United Kingdom Email tsujii fujita @uk.ac.umisLccl Abstract The lexical transfer phase is the most crucial step in MT because most of difficult problems are caused by lexical differences between two languages. In order to treat lexical issues systematically in transfer-based MT systems we introduce the concept of bilingual-sings which are defined by pairs of equivalent monolingual signs. The bilingual signs not only relate the local linguistic structures of two languages but also play a central role in connecting the linguistic processes of translation with knowledge based inferences. We also show that they can be effectively used to formulate appropriate questions for disambiguating transfer ambiguities which is crucial in interactive MT systems. 1. Introduction Lexical Transfer has always been one of the main sources of problems in Machine Translation MT Melby 1986 Nfrenburg 1988 . Research in tfansfer-based MT systems has focussed on discovering an appropriate level of linguistic description for translation at which we can specify ưanslation relations or transfer rules in a simple manner. However lexical differences between languages have caused problems in this attempt. Besides structural changes caused by lexical transfer selecting appropriate translations of source lexical items has been one of the hardest problems in MT. Because languages have thefr own ways of reflecting the structure of the world in thefr lexicons and the process of lexicalization is more or less arbitrary bilingual knowledge about lexical correspondences is highly dependent on language pairs and individual words. We have to prepare a framework in which such idiosyncratic bilingual knowledge about lexical items can be systematically accumulated. Our approach