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Numerical Simulations of a Three-Lane Traffic Model Using Cellular Automata

We study a simple three-lane cellular automaton, based upon the well known NagelSchreckenberg model, and examine the effect of slow cars in such a system. We point out the important parameters defining the shape of the fundamental digram for the three-lane model and compare it to that of a two-lane one, showing the new mode of interactions between lanes. It is possible to reduce the influence of slow cars by choosing an adequate version of the symmetry with respect to lanes. | CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS VOL. 41 NO. 6 DECEMBER 2003 Numerical Simulations of a Three-Lane Traffic Model Using Cellular Automata A. Karim Daoudia and Najem Moussa LMSPCPV Dept. de Physique FST B.P. 509 Boutalamine Errachidia Morocco Received February 10 2003 We study a simple three-lane cellular automaton based upon the well known Nagel-Schreckenberg model and examine the effect of slow cars in such a system. We point out the important parameters defining the shape of the fundamental digram for the three-lane model and compare it to that of a two-lane one showing the new mode of interactions between lanes. It is possible to reduce the influence of slow cars by choosing an adequate version of the symmetry with respect to lanes. PACS numbers 89.40. k 05.70.Fh 05.65. b 05.40.Jc I. INTRODUCTION In recent times many highway traffic models formulated in terms of cellular automata CA have been studied both in one 1-8 and two dimensions 9-14 . For a realistic description of traffic on highways we must mention in particular the model introduced by Nagel and Schreckenberg NaSch model which has been generalized in the past years 12 14 to develop a CA model of two-lane traffic. Several attempts have so far been made in this direction and different lane-changing procedures have been proposed 9-14 . Chowdhury et al. 14 considered a two-lane ring with slow and fast vehicles different vmax evolving in both lanes. The simulation results have shown that already for small densities the fast vehicles take on the average free-flow velocity of the slow vehicles even if only a small fraction of slow vehicles are considered. Recent simulation results of Knospe et al. 12 considered an anticipation effect and found that it reduces the influence of the slow vehicles drastically. In order to look for the systematic slowing of cars caused by trucks we propose in this work a three-lane version of the NaSch model which takes into account the exchange of vehicles between the different lanes. .