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Báo cáo khoa học: "The Linguistic Basis of a Mechanical Thesaurus "

[Mechanical Translation, vol.3, no.3, December 1956; pp. 81-88] † M. A. K. Halliday, Cambridge Language Research Unit, Cambridge, England The grammar and lexis of a language exhibit a high degree of internal determination, affecting all utterances whether or not these are translated from another language. This may be exploited in a mechanical translation program in order to cope with the lack of translation equivalence between categories of different languages, by the ordering of elements into systems within which determination operates and the working out by descriptive linguistic methods of the criteria governing the choice among the elements ranged as terms in one system | Mechanical Translation vol.3 no.3 December 1956 pp. 81-88 The Linguistic Basis of a Mechanical Thesaurus f M. A. K. Halliday Cambridge Language Research Unit Cambridge England The grammar and lexis of a language exhibit a high degree of internal determination affecting all utterances whether or not these are translated from another language. This may be exploited in a mechanical translation program in order to cope with the lack of translation equivalence between categories of different languages by the ordering of elements into systems within which determination operates and the working out by descriptive linguistic methods of the criteria governing the choice among the elements ranged as terms in one system. Lexical items so ordered form a thesaurus and the thesaurus series is the lexical analogue of the grammatical paradigm. A FUNDAMENTAL problem of mechanical translation arising at the levels of both grammar and lexis is that of the carry-over of elements ranged as terms in particular systems i.e. systems established non-compar-atively as valid for the synchronic and syn-topic description of what is regarded for the purpose as one language. The translation process presupposes an analysis generally unformulated in the case of human translation of the source and target languages and it is a commonplace that a one-to-one translation equivalence of categories - including not only terms within systems but even the systems themselves - does not by itself result in anything which on contextual criteria could be called translation. One might for example be tempted to give the same name aspect to two systems set up in the description respectively of Chinese and English on the grounds that both systems are the grammatical reflection of contextually specified categories of a non-absolute time-scale in which components of a situation are ordered in relation to one another not only would the terms in the systems e.g. Chinese and English perfective not be translationally .