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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: WHAT CONNECTIONS SHOULD WE FOCUS ON?

A Cochrane review has found limited evidence that immediate (‘quick’) start of hormonal contraception reduces unintended pregnancies or improves continuation rates.15 None of the studies included in the review were powered to detect contraceptive efficacy. Whilst there is currently a paucity of evidence demonstrating effectiveness, there are data to suggest women find quick starting acceptable. It is possible that effectiveness may vary depending on method type. Two studies investigating immediate start of combined oral contraception (COC) versus conventional start did not demonstrate any significant difference in pregnancy rates.16,17 Another study showed no difference in pregnancy rates when comparing quick starting the combined vaginal ring (CVR) and COC.18 However in. | Research Brief poppov RESEARCH NETWORK PRB INFORM EMPOWER ADVANCE JANUARY 2012 BY SHAREEN JOSHI REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WHAT CONNECTIONS SHOULD WE FOCUS ON Reproductive health is a critical component of human capital. 30 higher were the wages earned by women in Bangladesh who received RH services. Each birth can reduce a woman s involvement in the labor force by up to 2 years. Economists demographers and policymakers have long debated the relationships between reproductive health RH population change and economic well-being. In recent years however a growing number of studies across disciplines have shown that declines in fertility affect the structure of a country s population. The emerging age structure has a lower dependency ratio fewer young and older people per working-age adult which creates a window of opportunity for economic development.1 To take advantage of this opportunity nations and families must also invest more resources in health education and productivity referred to as human capital. Reproductive health defined in this brief as the use of effective contraception use of health care during pregnancy and childbirth and health care for infants is a critical component of human capital. Investments in RH are linked to lower fertility and reduced maternal and child morbidity and mortality thereby improving overall health and quality of life. Policymakers are faced with critical questions as to the extent to which improvements in RH contribute to broader economic returns. This brief examines the emerging evidence base for answering three questions about the relationship between RH and three important areas of human capital development Do healthier women with fewer children invest more in human capital Do women participate more in labor markets Does better RH increase a woman s ability to earn and save more and thus help her and her family escape poverty RH and Human Capital Women who have better RH status tend to invest more .