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Soil and Environmental Analysis: Physical Methods - Chapter 12

Gốc tăng trưởng: Phương pháp đo lường hình thái của một hệ thống gốc thực vật là một chức năng di truyền và môi trường mà trong đó nó phát triển (Smucker năm 1993; Aiken và Smucker, 1996). Hình thái học cũng bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự tương tác với các vi sinh vật đất,, nấm arbuscular ví dụ như nấm rễ (Hooker et al, 1992). Cả hai rễ cây cá nhân và toàn bộ hệ thống rễ và có thể làm hiển thị sự thay đổi đáng kể trong phạm vi khả năng của các đặc tính của họ. Đất. | 12 Root Growth Methods of Measurement David Atkinson Scottish Agricultural College Edinburgh Scotland Lorna Anne Dawson Macaulay Land Use Research Institute Aberdeen Scotland I. INTRODUCTION The morphology of a plant root system is a function of its genetics and the environment in which it grows Smucker 1993 Aiken and Smucker 1996 . Morphology is also affected by interaction with soil microorganisms e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Hooker et al. 1992 . Both individual plant roots and whole root systems can and do show substantial variation within the potential range of their characteristics. Soil physical factors particularly temperature aeration water potential and mechanical impedance are frequently the cause of limits to the expression of genetic potential. The morphology of the root system can thus be regarded as representing the integrated effects of three factors. This chapter first reviews those root properties that are most likely to be influenced by soil physical conditions and then describes methods that can be used in the field or laboratory to describe particular attributes of root systems. It illustrates some of the uses to which particular methods have been put and some of the limitations of their use. Bohm 1979 has given a more complete description of methods for measuring roots and Atkinson 1981 has reviewed those methods relevant to tree crops. The impact of soil biological and chemical factors and of the growth of the aerial parts of the plant on root growth have been reviewed in general terms by Russell 1977 . In both field and laboratory many of the methods give information on a range of parameters. For example when a root system is observed directly e.g. through an observation panel measurements can be made of length diameter Copyright 2000 Marcel Dekker Inc. longevity and branching. It therefore seems more logical to divide studies on root systems by type of method rather than by root system property. Consequently in this chapter the major .