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Process Planning Episode 4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'process planning episode 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Material evaluation and process selection 115 divided slag evenly distributed throughout it. The slag also accounts for about 4.5 per cent of the weight of the metal Amstead et al. 1987 . It is relatively cheap and it has good resistance to corrosion and shock good toughness and high ductility. It is generally used for products subjected to corrosive conditions. Cast ữon usually refers to a family of materials that are ferrous alloys consisting of ứon 2-4.5 per cent carbon and up to 3.5 per cent silicon Kalpakjian 1995 . Silicon is usually added to ease the casting by improving fluidity. Grey cast ứon is very cheap and has good damping properties due to its graphite flake structure absorbing the vibration energy. It is also easily machined as the graphite tends to act as a lubricant between the material and the cutting tool and breaks up the chips formed during cutting DeGarmo et al. 1988 . White cast ữon is a hard but brittle alloy and is obtained through the rapid cooling of grey cast ữon. This in turn can be ttansformed to malleable cast ữon through a heat treatment called process annealing. This yields improved ductility sttength and shock resistance. Finally spherical graphite SG ữon is formed by adding manganese to grey cast ứon. This improves the sttength hardness and toughness while maintaining ductility and ease of machining resulting in a material similar to mild steel. Carbon steels can be classified as low- medium- or high-carbon steels. Low-carbon steels have less than 0.2 per cent carbon and are generally referred to as mild steel. It is generally used for applications that do not require high strength such as sheet and plate. Medium-carbon steels contain between 0.3 and 0.8 per cent carbon. These steels generally have good fatigue resistance toughness strength and hardness and are used for components for automotive applications such as gears and crankshafts. High-carbon steels have greater than 0.8 per cent carbon and have good strength hardness and