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Multimedia Environmental Models - Chapter 8 (end)

Ứng dụng của Mô hình Fugacity 8,1 GIỚI THIỆU, PHẠM VI VÀ CHIẾN LƯỢC Khả năng để xác định giá trị Z cho một loạt các phương tiện truyền thông, và các giá trị D cho các quá trình như advection, phản ứng, và intermedia vận tải, cho phép chúng ta thiết lập phương trình cân bằng khối lượng và sau đó suy ra fugacities, nồng độ, chất khử tạp chất, và số tiền. Như vậy, chúng ta có khả năng giải quyết một loạt các vấn đề mô hình hóa môi trường ngoài vào cấp I, II, và III tính toán. | McKay Donald. Applications of Fugacity Models Multimedia Environmental Models Edited by Donald McKay Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 2001 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Fugacity Models 8.1 INTRODUCTION SCOPE AND STRATEGIES The ability to define Z values for a variety of media and D values for processes such as advection reaction and intermedia transport enables us to set up mass balance equations and then deduce fugacities concentrations fluxes and amounts. We thus have the capability of addressing a series of environmental modeling problems in addition to the Level I II and III calculations described earlier. The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with a description of the calculation of chemical fate in a variety of environmental situations in the expectation that the parameter values describing the environment and the chemical can be modified to simulate specific situations. It may be desirable to add or delete processes or change the model structure to suit individual requirements. Many of the models apply to steady-state conditions and can be reformulated to describe time-varying conditions by writing differential rather than algebraic equations. These differential equations can be solved algebraically or integrated numerically depending on their complexity. Some of the most satisfying moments in environmental science come when a model is successfully fitted to experimental or observed data and it becomes apparent that the important chemical transport and transformation processes are being represented with fidelity. Even more satisfying is the subsequent use of the model to predict chemical fate in as yet uninvestigated situations leading to gratifying and successful validation. Failure of the model may be disappointing but it is a positive demonstration that our fundamental understanding of environmental processes is flawed and further investigation is needed. For a review of the history of environmental mass balance models the reader is referred to Wania and .