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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 11

Shoreline Cleanup và phục hồi Dầu tràn trên mặt nước hiếm khi hoàn toàn có và phục hồi và một số của nó đã đến được bờ biển. Đó là khó khăn hơn và tốn thời gian để làm sạch các khu vực bờ biển hơn là để thực hiện ngăn chặn và phục hồi hoạt động trên biển. Về thể chất loại bỏ dầu từ một số loại bờ biển cũng có thể dẫn đến thiệt hại sinh thái và thể chất hơn nếu loại bỏ dầu còn lại để quá trình tự nhiên. Quyết định để bắt đầu dọn. | CHAPTER 11 Shoreline Cleanup and Restoration Oil spilled on water is seldom completely contained and recovered and some of it eventually reaches the shoreline. It is more difficult and time-consuming to clean up shoreline areas than it is to carry out containment and recovery operations at sea. Physically removing oil from some types of shoreline can also result in more ecological and physical damage than if oil removal is left to natural processes. The decision to initiate cleanup and restoration activities on oil-contaminated shorelines is based on careful evaluation of socio-economic aesthetic and ecological factors. These include the behaviour of oil in shoreline regions the types of shoreline and their sensitivity to oil spills the assessment process shoreline protection measures and recommended cleanup methods. Criteria of importance to this decision are discussed in this chapter. BEHAVIOUR OF OIL ON SHORELINES The fate and behaviour of oil on shorelines is influenced by many factors some of which relate to the oil itself some to characteristics of the shoreline and others to conditions at the time the oil is deposited on the shoreline such as weather and waves. These factors include the type and amount of oil the degree of weathering of the oil both before it reaches the shoreline and while on the shoreline the temperature the state of the tide when the oil washes onshore the type of beach substrate i.e. its material composition the type and sensitivity of biota on the beach and the steepness of the shore. Other important factors are the existence of a high tide berm on the beach whether the oil is deposited in the intertidal zone and whether the particular length of shoreline is exposed to or sheltered from wave action. An exposed beach will often self-clean before a cleanup crew can perform the task which can result in the released oil being transported to other beaches or even back to the same beach. 2000 by CRC Press LLC 2000 by CRC Press LLC Opposite .