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GUTTMACHER INSTITUTE STATE POLICIES IN BRIEF: Sex and HIV Education

Comprehensive sexuality education is effective in improving key youth reproductive health (YRH) behaviors. In a wide range of settings in both developed and developing nations, comprehensive school- based sexuality education has influenced important behaviors such as delaying sexual initiation, reducing the number of sexual partners, and increasing use of condoms among youth who are sexually active. This finding bodes well for Nigeria, a country with considerable linguistic and cultural diversity. Virtually everywhere, sexuality education is controversial and difficult to carry out on a national scale, especially while trying to maintain the quality of that education. In Nigeria,. | GUTTMACHER INSTITUTE State Policies in Brief As of DECEMBER 1 2012 Sex and HIV Education BACKGROUND Beginning in the 1970s concerns over AIDS and teen pregnancy galvanized widespread public support for sex education in schools. Most states today have a policy requiring HIV education usually in conjunction with broader sex education. Meanwhile as debate over the relative merits of abstinence-only-until-marriage versus more comprehensive approaches has intensified states have enacted a number of specific content requirements. This brief summarizes state-level sex and HIV education policies as well as specific content requirements based on a review of state laws regulations and other legally binding policies. HIGHLIGHTS General Requirements Sex Education and HIV Education 22 states and the District of Columbia mandate sex education. 20 states and the District of Columbia mandate both sex education and HIV education. 2 states only mandates sex education. 33 states and the District of Columbia mandate HIV education of these states 13 mandate only HIV education. 27 states and the District of Columbia mandate that when provided sex and HIV education programs meet certain general requirements. 12 states require that the instruction be medically accurate. 26 states and the District of Columbia require that the information be appropriate for the students age. 8 states require that the program must provide instruction that is appropriate for a student s cultural background and not be biased against any race sex or ethnicity. 2 states prohibit the program from promoting religion. 37 states and the District of Columbia require school districts to involve parents in sex education HIV education or both. 22 states and the District of Columbia require that parents be notified that sex education or HIV education will be provided. 3 states require parental consent for students to participate in sex education or HIV education. 35 states and the District of Columbia allow parents to .