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Báo cáo khoa học: A biophysical view of the interplay between mechanical forces and signaling pathways during transendothelial cell migration

The vascular endothelium is exposed to an array of physical forces, includ-ing shear stress via blood flow, contact with other cells such as neighboring endothelial cells and leukocytes, and contact with the basement membrane. Endothelial cell morphology, protein expression, stiffness and cytoskeletal arrangement are all influenced by these mechanochemical forces. | ỊFEBS Journal REVIEW ARTICLE A biophysical view of the interplay between mechanical forces and signaling pathways during transendothelial cell migration Kimberly M. Stroka and Helim Aranda-Espinoza FischellDepartment of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA Keywords cell mechanics diapedesis endothelial cell leukocyte mechanotransduction mechanotransmission substrate stiffness transmigration Correspondence K. M. Stroka FischellDepartment of Engineering Room 3142 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building 225 University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Fax 301 314 6868 Tel 301 405 8781 E-mail kmurley@umd.edu Received 28 September 2009 revised 20 November 2009 accepted 11 December 2009 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2009.07545.x The vascular endothelium is exposed to an array of physical forces including shear stress via blood flow contact with other cells such as neighboring endothelial cells and leukocytes and contact with the basement membrane. Endothelial cell morphology protein expression stiffness and cytoskeletal arrangement are all influenced by these mechanochemical forces. There are many biophysical tools that are useful in studying how forces are transmitted in endothelial cells and these tools are also beginning to be used to investigate biophysical aspects of leukocyte transmigration which is a ubiquitous mechanosensitive process. In particular the stiffness of the substrate has been shown to have a significant impact on cellular behavior and this is true for both endothelial cells and leukocytes. Thus the stiffness of the basement membrane as an endothelial substrate as well as the stiffness of the endothelium as a leukocyte substrate is relevant to the process of transmigration. In this review we discuss recent work that has related the biophysical aspects of endothelial cell interactions and leukocyte transmigration to the biochemical pathways and molecular interactions that take place during this process. Further use of biophysical tools to