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Aircraft Design - Systhesis anh Analysis 2008 Part 14

Tham khảo tài liệu 'aircraft design - systhesis anh analysis 2008 part 14', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | These costs are generally independent of the type of airplane and thus are classified as indirect items. The actual value of each of these can only be es-timated from statistics. A method of estimating the various factors has been developed by an Aircraft Industries Association Committee. Each term is based on maximum take-off weight passenger capacity enplaned passengers or cargo carried whichever is relevant to the particular term. For example the Cabin Attendants term is based on passenger capacity while food and beverage passenger handling reservation sales commission and advertising are based on enplaned passengers. Since enplaned passengers enter into the equations load factor influences the indirect costs. Applying the IOC equations to the B-747 the DC-l0 and a typical large twin engine airplane show very similar relationships between TOC and DOC for all three airplanes. The average of these relationships is shown in Fig.15 in the form of TOTAL OPERATING COSTS TOC IOC ---------------------------------- ------ 1.0 DIRECT OPERATING COSTS DOC DOC TOC DOC is shown to be a strong function of range load factor and whether flights are domestic or international. TOC DOC varies from about 1.7 for a domestic flight 50 LF and a range of 2200 nautical miles to 2.1 for a domestic flight 50 LF and a range of 400 nautical miles. International flight values with 50 LF vary from 1.9 at 4500 nautical miles to 2.5 at 1100 nautical .