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Handbook of plant based biofuels - Chapter 10

10 Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass Part II Production of Cellulases and Hemicellulases Rajeev K Sukumaran contents Abstract 142 10.1 Introduction 142 10.1.1 Cellulases 142 10.1.2 Hemicellulases 144 10.2 Microbial Lignocellulolytic Machinery: Complexed and Noncomplexed Systems 145 10.3 Microorganisms Producing Cellulases and Hemicellulases 146 10.3.1 Cellulases 146 10.3.2 Hemicellulase. | 10 Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass Part II Production of Cellulases and Hemicellulases Rajeev K Sukumaran CONTENTS Abstract.142 10.1 Introduction.142 10.1.1 Cellulases.142 10.1.2 Hemicellulases.144 10.2 Microbial Lignocellulolytic Machinery Complexed and Noncomplexed Systems.145 10.3 Microorganisms Producing Cellulases and Hemicellulases.146 10.3.1 Cellulases.146 10.3.2 Hemicellulase.147 10.4 Regulation of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Expression.148 10.5 Molecular Approaches in Improving Production and Properties of Cellulases and Hemicellulases.149 10.6 Bioprocesses for Cellulase and Hemicellulase Production.152 10.6.1 Cellulase Production.152 10.6.2 Xylanase Production.153 10.7 Assay of Cellulases and Xylanases.154 10.8 Cellulases and Hemicellulases for Biomass Ethanol Challenges for the Future.154 10.9 Conclusions.155 References.156 141 2009 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 142 Handbook of Plant-Based Biofuels ABSTRACT Creating ethanol from biomass is considered to be one of the most valuable solutions to the increasing liquid fuel demand. The technology for generating fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass is still not mature and is largely dependent on developments in cellulase enzyme technology since the most promising scheme for biomass hydrolysis involves the use of cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes. The technology is receiving a renewed interest in the current scenario with increasing efforts to improve its efficiency and cost effectiveness. Currently the major limiting factor in the commercialization of biomass to ethanol technology is the cost of cellulase enzymes which is the major contributor to the production cost of bioethanol. Innumerable research efforts are directed towards understanding the fundamentals of microbial enzymes involved in biomass hydrolysis and their production and applications. Proper exploitation of microbial sources for biomass-degrading enzymes requires in-depth understanding of their physiology .