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Breast cancer risk in relation to occupations with exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors: a Canadian case–control study

A: high-fat diet can increase the risk of many cancers, including endometrial cancer. Because fatty foods are also high-calorie foods, a high-fat diet can lead to obesity, which is also an endometrial cancer risk factor. Some doctors think that fatty foods may have a direct effect on estrogen levels, which can increase risk, too. Exercise protects against endometrial cancer. Studies found that women who exercised more had a lower risk of this cancer, while one study showed that women who spent more time sitting had a higher risk | Brophy et al. Environmental Health 2012 11 87 http www.ehjournal.net content 11 1Z87 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH Open Access Breast cancer risk in relation to occupations with exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors a Canadian case-control study James T Brophy1 2 Margaret M Keith1 2 Andrew Watterson 1 Robert Park3 Michael Gilbertson1 c I X zx f z 1 x4 ì l.z X I X zx zJ -X I zx 2 l I nhhlM n r D zx z I 4 I_I x Iza zx x A fx I I ĩ x fx z x 5 l zx zx zx zxf fx c z fx zx zx I zx f z5 A fx V -X fx -X v zx Daizx bx X zf 76 Eleanor Maticka-iyndale Matthias Beck Hakam Abu-Zahra Kenneth Schneider Abraham Reinhartz Robert DeMatteo6 and Isaac Luginaah7 Abstract Background Endocrine disrupting chemicals and carcinogens some of which may not yet have been classified as such are present in many occupational environments and could increase breast cancer risk. Prior research has identified associations with breast cancer and work in agricultural and industrial settings. The purpose of this study was to further characterize possible links between breast cancer risk and occupation particularly in farming and manufacturing as well as to examine the impacts of early agricultural exposures and exposure effects that are specific to the endocrine receptor status of tumours. Methods 1005 breast cancer cases referred by a regional cancer center and 1146 randomly-selected community controls provided detailed data including occupational and reproductive histories. All reported jobs were industry- and occupation-coded for the construction of cumulative exposure metrics representing likely exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors. In a frequency-matched case-control design exposure effects were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results Across all sectors women in jobs with potentially high exposures to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors had elevated breast cancer risk OR 1.42 95 CI 1.18-1.73 for 10 years exposure duration . Specific sectors with elevated .