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Experimental Business Research II springer 2005 phần 9

Cụ thể, chúng tôi dự đoán rằng các nhân viên cảm thấy thất vọng về triển vọng nhận bồi thường thấp hơn (hoặc phải trả tiền phạt hoặc không nhận được tiền thưởng) sẽ rộng nỗ lực nhiều hơn để tránh được kết quả hơn so với nhân viên mong đợi để cảm thấy thất vọng ít về việc nhận được | 210 Experimental Business Research Vol. II the queue at times 6 40 6 50 . 8 00 with probability 0.0117 and stay out at intermediate times 6 45 6 55 . 8 05. This periodicity is due to a combination of the discretization of the strategy space fixed service time and fixed opening To and closing times Te . 3.3. Results Observed Arrival Time Distributions Aggregate Results. Using several different statistics RSPS reported no significant differences among the four groups in Condition 1. In particular although the sophisticated subjects in Group 4 were paid twice as much as the other subjects and took about twice as much time to complete the session their results did not differ from those of the other three groups. Therefore the results of all four groups were combined 4 X 20 X 75 6000 observations . Fig. 4 displays the observed and predicted equilibrium cumulative probability distributions of arrival time staying out decisions are treated as arrivals at time 18 00 . The statistical comparison of observed and predicted arrival time distributions is problematic because of the dependencies between and within players. Strictly speaking the group is the unit of analysis resulting in only four degrees of freedom for the statistical comparison. The one-sample two-tailed Kolmogorov-Smirnov K-S test df 4 could not reject the null hypothesis of no difference between Figure 4. Observed and predicted distribution of arrival time and staying out decisions in Condition 1. Entry Times in Queues with Endogenous Arrivals 211 the observed and predicted distributions of arrival time. Assuming independence between but not within subjects yielded df 80. But even with this considerably more conservative test the same null hypothesis could not be rejected p 0.05 . RSPS detected three minor discrepancies between observed and predicted probabilities of arrival time in all four groups see Fig. 4 1 the observed proportion of arriving at exactly 8 00 was smaller by 0.02 than predicted 2 the .