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CLEAR WATERS AHEAD: COASTAL AND OCEAN WATER QUALITY

Over the last ten years or so, interest in outdoor ambient air pollution monitoring has tended to move away from carbon monoxide and towards other pollutants such as NOx and particulate matter. This is due to the limited direct health impacts associated with exposure to modest amounts of carbon monoxide. There has also been a gerneral decrease in the ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide measured in recent years as a result of improved vehicle technology. However, carbon monoxide measurements are strongly related to road traffic emissions, and generally highly correlated with NOx. As such, it can been seen as. | PART V Clear Waters Ahead Coastal and Ocean Water Quality CHAPTER 14 Addressing Coastal Water Pollution 204 CHAPTER 15 Creating a National Monitoring Network 226 CHAPTER 16 Limiting Vessel Pollution and Improving Vessel Safety 236 CHAPTER 17 Preventing the Spread of Invasive Species 252 CHAPTER 18 Reducing Marine Debris 264 CHAPTER 14 Addressing Coastal Water Pollution Coastal waters are subject to cumulative impacts from a variety of pollutants from near and far and from point nonpoint and airborne sources. For this reason any solution must be founded on an ecosystem-based and watershed management approach involving a broad range of agencies programs and individuals. Solutions will also require a substantial financial investment and will take time. Over the last few decades great strides have been made in controlling water pollution from point sources although further improvements could be realized through increased funding strengthened enforcement and promotion of innovative approaches such as market-based incentives. However substantial enhancement of coastal water quality will require significant reductions in nonpoint source pollution a technical and political challenge. Establishing measurable pollution reduction goals for coastal areas is needed as is coordination of the many related agencies and programs to effectively target the various laws programs funds training technical assistance incentives disincentives and other management tools to address nonpoint source pollution of coastal waters. Stopping the Degradation of Coastal Waters Coastal waters are one of the nation s greatest assets yet they are being bombarded with pollution from all directions. The heavy concentration of activity in coastal areas combined with pollutants flowing from streams far inland and others carried through the air great distances from their source are the primary causes of nutrient enrichment hypoxia harmful algal blooms toxic contamination sedimentation and other problems .