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International Environmental Law Part 5

Thỏa thuận mới giữa Ethiopia và Ai Cập, ví dụ, rõ ràng đề cập đến nguyên tắc không gây thiệt hại và tầm quan trọng của các quy tắc của luật pháp quốc tế. | Regional Instruments 199 law matters in the relations among the coriparians.191 The new agreement between Ethiopia and Egypt for instance explicitly refers to the no harm principle and the importance of the rules of international law.192 The interpretation that seems to have been endorsed by the Nile parties with regard to the principle of equitable utilization is that prior uses matter and that further allocations can be made on the basis of need. It is seems that the principle of no appreciable harm that favors downstream states is likely to play a significant role in the further development of the regime. Given the dire situation of the many countries in the region it has been suggested that one of the focal areas of the Nile regime should be the reduction of poverty through development.193 SADC Region The Zambezi River agreements have been the regional arrangements in Southern Afr ica that have prepared the ground for the comprehensive Southern African Development Community SADC regime. This regime covers all shared watercourses in the SADC. The Zambezi River regime seems to be more in tune with the principle of equitable allocation of river resources conceived as a fifty-fifty allocation among equally positioned states. The Zambezi regime is more in tune with a modern position in water management that water quality is as important as water quantity. The regime was launched by a bilateral agreement on sharing hydropower. It was followed by a more comprehensive agreement on the quality of Zambezi ecosystem resources but it was barely executed. Despite its shortcomings the Zambezi regime is considered the precursor of the SADC regime. The 1987 agreement between Zambia and Zimbabwe194 deals with the utilization of hydropower and provides unequivocally that the power from hydroelectric dams will be equally shared. The agreement establishes the institutional framework for its administration comprised of a council 195 an authority the Zambezi River Authority which is