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The Welfare of Animals Part 5

Phúc lợi xã hội nhận thức của con người là do đó chịu ảnh hưởng bởi nhiều yếu tố, bao gồm truyền thống văn hóa, giới tính, mức độ thông minh, di truyền học có thể của con người và có thể là tuổi tác. Có thể có một sự khác biệt rõ rệt giữa quyền lợi động vật nhận thức và thực tế. | 82 5 Welfare Assessment Welfare Perception Welfare perception by humans is therefore influenced by many factors including cultural traditions gender intelligence level probably human genetics and possibly age. There may be a distinct difference between the perceived and actual animal welfare. Both will be relevant for welfare assessment but the former will be most useful to understand the public position on welfare requirements and the latter for objective improvement. As society progresses the perception of the desirable animal welfare state will change and it is likely that there will be greater emphasis on equity in provision for animal welfare. Currently very different standards are aimed for depending on the type of animal. Greater equity would be a mark of a more caring society representing societal progress whereas focusing on traditional attitudes to animals that derive from the benefits that they produce ignores the responsibility that we have to manage all animals. For example rats used to be a major cause of disease infesting crops and offering no benefit to human society. They were universally reviled and where possible exterminated. Now that their antihuman activities have in most developed societies at least been controlled their benefits to society as companions or laboratory animals are beginning to be recognized. Positive and Negative Welfare Components Animal welfare can be measured in terms of good and bad experiences as outlined in Chapter 1. In terms of good experiences happiness is a major goal for all living beings as numerous spiritual leaders over the centuries have taught perhaps most notably the current Dallai Llama Mehrotra 2005 . Human and animal happiness are both dependent on the balance between perceived negative and positive experiences but for humans with their complex cognitive abilities there is the opportunity to alter the perception of any event from negative to positive just by training the mind. It is likely that the .