Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
RATIONAL AND SOCIAL CHOICE Part 7

Nói cách khác, an consequentialist cực chỉ quan tâm về kết quả đỉnh cao và không chú ý đến bộ cơ hội nền.Mạnh consequentialism, Mặt khác, quy định that, trong the đánh giá hai selection thay thế extended (x, A) and (y, B) Y. | 350 KOTARO SUZUMURA AND YONGSHENG XU the opportunity sets A and B differ from each other. In other words an extreme consequentialist cares only about culmination outcomes and pays no attention to the background opportunity sets. Strong consequentialism on the other hand stipulates that in evaluating two extended alternatives x A and y B in Q the opportunity sets A and B do not matter when the decision-making agent has a strict extended preference for x x against y y and it is only when the decision-making agent is indifferent between x x and y y that the opportunity sets A and B matter in ranking x A vis-à-vis y B in terms of the richness of respective opportunities. Extreme non-consequentialism may be regarded as the polar extreme case of consequentialism in that in evaluating two extended alternatives x A and y B in Q the outcomes x and y are not valued at all and the richness of opportunities reflected by the opportunity sets A and B exhausts everything that matters. In its complete neglect of culmination outcomes extreme non-consequentialism is indeed extreme but it captures the sense in which people may say Give me liberty or give me death. It is in a similar vein that in evaluating two extended alternatives x A and y B in Q strong non-consequentialism ignores the culmination outcomes x and y when the two opportunity sets A and B have different cardinality. It is only when the two opportunity sets A and B have identical cardinality that the culmination outcomes x and y have something to say in ranking x A vis-à-vis y B . 14.3 BASIC AXIOMS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS In this section we introduce three basic axioms for the extended preference ordering which are proposed in Suzumura and Xu 2001 2003 and present their implications. Independence IND . For all x A y B G Q and all z G X A u B x A y B x A u z y B u z . Simple Indifference SI . For all x G X and all y z G X x x x y x x z . Simple Monotonicity SM . For all x A x B G Q if B c A then x A x B . The axiom IND .