Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
HANDBOOK OF SCALING METHODS IN AQUATIC ECOLOGY MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, SIMULATION - PART 6

Sự phân bố không gian theo chiều ngang của sinh vật phù du trong môi trường biển tự nhiên là cao inhomogeneous.1-3 Các dữ liệu quan sát cho thấy, trên một quy mô không gian của hàng chục cây số và nhiều hơn nữa, các sinh vật phù du loang lổ phân bố không gian chủ yếu là kiểm soát bằng cách không đồng nhất của các lĩnh vực cơ bản hydrophysical chẳng hạn như nhiệt độ, chất dinh dưỡng, etc.4, 5 Trên một quy mô nhỏ hơn 100 m, patchiness sinh vật phù du được điều khiển bởi turbulence.6, 7 Tuy nhiên, các. | 25 Patterns in Models of Plankton Dynamics in a Heterogeneous Environment Horst Malchow Alexander B. Medvinsky and Sergei V. Petrovskii CONTENTS 25.1 Introduction.401 25.2 The Habitat Structure.402 25.3 The Model of Plankton-Fish Dynamics.403 25.3.1 Parameter Set.403 25.3.2 Rules of Fish School Motion.403 25.4 Numerical Study of Pattern Formation in a Heterogeneous Environment.404 25.4.1 No Fish No Environmental Noise Connected Habitats . 404 25.4.2 One Fish School No Environmental Noise Connected Habitats Biological Pattern Control . 405 25.4.3 Environmental Noise No Fish Connected Habitats Physical Pattern Control.405 25.4.4 Environmental Noise No Fish Separated Habitats Geographical Pattern Control. 406 25.5 Conclusions.406 Acknowledgments.407 References.407 25.1 Introduction The horizontal spatial distribution of plankton in the natural marine environment is highly inhomogeneous.1-3 The data of observations show that on a spatial scale of dozens of kilometers and more the plankton patchy spatial distribution is mainly controlled by the inhomogeneity of underlying hydrophysical fields such as temperature nutrients etc.4 5 On a scale less than 100 m plankton patchiness is controlled by turbulence.6 7 However the features of the plankton heterogeneous spatial distribution are essentially different uncorrelated to the environment on an intermediate scale roughly from a 100 m to a dozen kilometers.5-8 This distinction is usually considered as an evidence of the biology s prevailing against hydrodynamics on this scale.9 10 This problem has generated a number of hypotheses about the possible origin of the spatially heterogeneous distribution of species in nature. Several possible scenarios of pattern formation have been proposed see References 11 and 12 for a brief summary. Using reaction-diffusion equations as a mathematical tool 13-17 many authors attribute the formation of spatial patterns in natural populations to well-known general mechanisms e.g. to .