Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Tài liệu trung cấp môn Kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng Anh - Phần 15

Tài liệu tham khảo Tài liệu trung cấp môn Kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng Anh gồm 41 phần giúp sinh viên khoa kinh tế học tốt môn Kinh tế vi mô. Tài liệu này là phần 15 giới thiệu về " Thặng dư tiêu dùng - Consumer's surplus " | CHAPTER 14 CONSUMER S SURPLUS In the preceding chapters we have seen how to derive a consumer s demand function from the underlying preferences or utility function. But in practice we are usually concerned with the reverse problem -how to estimate preferences or utility from observed demand behavior. We have already examined this problem in two other contexts. In Chapter 5 we showed how one could estimate the parameters of a utility function from observing demand behavior. In the Cobb-Douglas example used in that chapter we were able to estimate a utility function that described the observed choice behavior simply by calculating the average expenditure share of each good. The resulting utility function could then be used to evaluate changes in consumption. In Chapter 7 we described how to use revealed preference analysis to recover estimates of the underlying preferences that may have generated some observed choices. These estimated indifference curves can also be used to evaluate changes in consumption. In this chapter we will consider some more approaches to the problem of estimating utility from observing demand behavior. Although some of the methods we will examine are less general than the two methods we 248 CONSUMER S SURPLUS Ch. 14 examined previously they will turn out to be useful in several applications that we will discuss later in the book. We will start by reviewing a special case of demand behavior for which it is very easy to recover an estimate of utility. Later we will consider more general cases of preferences and demand behavior. 14.1 Demand for a Discrete Good Let us start by reviewing demand for a discrete good with quasilinear utility as described in Chapter 6. Suppose that the utility function takes the form v x y and that the x-good is only available in integer amounts. Let us think of the y-good as money to be spent on other goods and set its price to 1. Let p be the price of the x-good. We saw in Chapter 6 that in this case consumer .