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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 13

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 13. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 100 bladders of philosophy starting point and final arbiter everything else including its body becomes the external world whose nature and even existence is forever doubtful perhaps minddependent. Yet as Thomas Reid put it reason s light and the senses corollary dimness both came out of the same shop so each is likely to be as faulty or effective as the other. j.o g. Blanshard Brand 1892-1987 . American educated partly in England as a Rhodes Scholar who defended rationalism and idealism during an era in which they had few defenders. He taught at the University of Michigan Swarthmore Columbia and for most ofhis career at Yale University. He argued against the doctrine of Hume that causation is merely the constant conjunction of events and the view of Logical Positivism that a priori statements are merely consequences of linguistic conventions. There are Blanshard said genuine necessary connections in the world. A naturalist in ethics Blanshard held that to call an experience intrinsically good is to say that it is fulfilling and satisfying . Since he granted that the word good has in addition an aura of emotional and associative meaning he could keep emotive meaning and also keep it in its place . A naturalist in religion too he took the service of reason as his religion. That service calls for the use of one s reason to embrace as much as one can of the reason implicit in the universe and its use at the same time to define and harmonize the ends of practical life. Blanshard s personal demeanour was one of extraordinary graciousness. p.h.h. P. A. Schilpp ed. The Philosophy of Brand Blanshard La Salle Ill. 1980 . blindsight. Absence of visual awareness despite the presence of visual capacity. Some brain-damaged humans retain discriminative capacities in portions of the visual field manifested for example in correct guesses concerning what is there in which they report they can see nothing. Removal of the visual cortex in the rhesus monkey also apparently induces .