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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 81

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 81. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 780 Quinton Anthony Quinton Anthony 1925- . British philosopher based in Oxford and member of the House of Lords who has written on political philosophy ethics and metaphysics the philosophy of mind and a variety of historical figures. His lengthiest work is his treatise on The Nature of Things which takes as its central notion the concept of substance. By exploring the questions associated with this concept Quinton develops in three parts his views on a wide-ranging set oftraditional philosophical problems. In part I problems of identity and individualism the relation between matter and extension and personal identity and the soul are discussed in part II knowledge scepticism and the concept ofpercep-tion are the topics in part III the notion of essence the distinction between theory and observation mind-body dualism and fact and value are discussed. The general position defended is a form ofmaterialism. h.w.n. philosophy English philosophy philosophical inquiry philosophy value and use of. Anthony Quinton The Nature of Things London 1973 . R race. Higher-level organisms form species that is groups of organisms that breed among themselves but that are reproductively isolated from all other organisms. We humans belong to the species Homo sapiens. Although species are the fundamental units of biological classification they can often be subdivided into groups that are distinguishable by special features. Early biologists of the modern era notably the French naturalist Buffon assumed that this is true of humans and they spent much time and effort trying to decide what constitute the true divisions generally known as races. In his Descent of Man 1871 Charles Darwin argued that many human differences are due to sexual selection where differing standards of beauty are the chief causal factors tearing human populations apart. Notoriously the German Nazis were keen race theorists believing that distinctions can be drawn between Aryans and others especially Jews. Naturally