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Urban Health and Society: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Research and Practice - Part 30

Urban Health and Society: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Research and Practice - Part 30. This book provides the most current frameworks, research, and approaches for understanding how unique features of the urban physical and social environments that shape the health of over half of the world's population that is already residing in large cities. Its interdisciplinary research and practice focus is a welcome innovation. | CHAPTER 11 REVERSING THE TIDE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH HOLLIE JONES LEANDRIS C. LIBURD LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the disproportionate burden of diabetes on African Americans and the pathways by which these disparities are produced. Compare the specific contributions that social psychology and critical medical anthropology can make to the study of type 2 diabetes among African Americans. 272 Reversing the Tide of Type 2 Diabetes Among African Americans Analyze the pathways by which racial discrimination can influence health. Discuss the value and limits of interdisciplinary approaches to the study of diabetes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention two of five African Americans born in 2000 have a lifetime risk of developing diabetes. Currently 3.2 million or 13.3 percent of African Americans aged twenty years or older have diabetes making them 1.8 times more likely to have the disease than their white counterparts.1 In the United States an estimated 20.8 million people have diabetes and of this number 6.2 million almost 30 percent do not know it.1 The risk for stroke is two to four times higher for people with diabetes and adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates two to four times higher than adults without diabetes. Additionally diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure and among adults aged twenty to seventy-four years the leading cause of new cases of blindness. Although the literature examining the complex pathophysiology of diabetes is expanding we know that diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production insulin action or both. Type 2 diabetes which accounts for 90 percent to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes usually begins as insulin resistance a disorder in which cells do not use insulin properly. As the need for insulin increases the pancreas gradually loses the ability