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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 59

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 59', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | III. Arguments for distinguishing between the absolute and the relative past tense 399 coinciding with t0. This means that the situation time receives its temporal specification from the location at t0 which is the strongest possible kind of temporal specification since t0 is by definition given in sentences with an unanchored time-specifying adverbial the situation time derives its temporal specification exclusively from the adverbial because the Adv-time contains the situation time in terms of coincidence or inclusion see 2.23.1 . A situation time cannot derive its temporal specification from two different mechanisms at once even if the times they refer to coincide with one another. In sum a sentence whose situation time is represented as T-simultaneous coinciding with t0 cannot contain an unanchored punctual time-specifying adverbial specifying a time with which the situation time coincides. Something similar happens when a past tense is used. Consider 11 I was still thirsty at five o clock. 12 At five o clock Jim whispered that he was still thirsty. 13 At five o clock Jim whispered that he was still thirsty at five o clock. The two time-specifying adverbials at five o clock are meant to be read as specifying the same time. 14 At five o clock Jim whispered that he was still thirsty at three o clock. In 11 the absolute past tense form was locates its situation time in the past time-sphere. The precise location of this situation time in the past is specified by at five o clock. In 12 was thirsty is a relative past tense form. It represents its situation time as T-simultaneous coinciding with the situation time of the head clause and in so doing derives its temporal specification from the latter which itself derives its temporal specification from at five o clock. As shown by the ungrammaticality of 13 we cannot add at five o clock to the that-clause of 12 . If we add this the that-clause can no longer derive its temporal specification from the T-relation with the