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Grey water footprint assessment of geothermal water resources in the southeastern Anatolia region

This paper aimed to determine the grey water footprint (GWF) of geothermal water resources and to investigate the effect of biochar adsorption on grey water footprint in Southeastern Turkey. In this paper, GWF has been calculated in terms of iron (Fe), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), boron (B), and chrome (Cr) concentrations for fifteen observation geothermal resources located in Southeastern Anatolia Region. In this study, a new approach based on the GWF was developed in order to determine the geothermal water pollution. Grey water footprints related to fifteen geothermal resources were investigated. In the second stage of the study, the effect of biochar adsorption on GWF was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. | Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci 2021 30 1200-1207 http journals.tubitak.gov.tr earth TÜBİTAK Research Article doi 10.3906 yer-2105-22 Grey water footprint assessment of geothermal water resources in the southeastern Anatolia region Pelin YAPICIOĞLU Mehmet İrfan YEŞİLNACAR Department of Environmental Engineering Engineering Faculty Harran University Şanlıurfa Turkey Received 14.05.2021 Accepted Published Online 09.09.2021 Final Version 01.12.2021 Abstract This paper aimed to determine the grey water footprint GWF of geothermal water resources and to investigate the effect of biochar adsorption on grey water footprint in Southeastern Turkey. In this paper GWF has been calculated in terms of iron Fe arsenic As manganese Mn boron B and chrome Cr concentrations for fifteen observation geothermal resources located in Southeastern Anatolia Region. In this study a new approach based on the GWF was developed in order to determine the geothermal water pollution. Grey water footprints related to fifteen geothermal resources were investigated. In the second stage of the study the effect of biochar adsorption on GWF was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. The results revealed that arsenic led to higher GWF than other pollutant parameters in geothermal water resources. Biochar application could reduce the GWF according to Monte Carlo simulation. The total average reduction of GWF would be approximately 95 93.1 87.5 96 and 90 respectively for Fe As Mn B and Cr pollution if biochar adsorption is applied for geothermal water treatment. Key words Geothermal water grey water footprint biochar Southeastern Anatolia Region Monte Carlo simulation 1. Introduction monitor the effect of pollutants on the water supplies. From The use of geothermal water is restricted owing to the this perspective GWF of geothermal resources located in presence of some toxic materials such as boron arsenic the Southeastern Anatolia Region which contains heavy manganese iron chrome