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Roles of extended human papillomavirus genotyping and multiple infections in early detection of cervical precancer and cancer and HPV vaccination

The aim of the study was to investigate the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping particularly vaccine genotypes and multiple infections for cervical precancer and cancer, which might contribute to developing genotype-specific screening strategy and assessing potential effects of HPV vaccine. | Song et al. BMC Cancer 2022 22 42 https doi.org 10.1186 s12885-021-09126-3 RESEARCH Open Access Roles of extended human papillomavirus genotyping and multiple infections in early detection of cervical precancer and cancer and HPV vaccination Fangbin Song1 2 3 Peisha Yan1 2 3 Xia Huang1 2 3 Chun Wang1 2 3 Hui Du1 2 3 Xinfeng Qu4 and Ruifang Wu1 2 3 Abstract Background The aim of the study was to investigate the risk of human papillomavirus HPV genotyping particularly vaccine genotypes and multiple infections for cervical precancer and cancer which might contribute to developing genotype-specific screening strategy and assessing potential effects of HPV vaccine. Methods The HPV genotypes were identified using the Seq HPV assay on self-collected samples. Hierarchical rank- ing of each genotype was performed according to positive predictive value PPV for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 3 or worse CIN2 CIN3 . Multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios ORs with 95 confidence interval CI of CIN2 according to multiplicity of types and vaccine types. Results A total of 2811 HPV-positive women were analyzed. The five dominant HPV genotypes in high-grade lesions were 16 58 52 33 18. The overall ranking orders were HPV16 33 35 58 31 68 18 56 52 66 51 59 45 39 for CIN2 and HPV16 33 31 58 45 66 52 18 35 56 51 68 59 39 for CIN3 . The risks of single infection versus co-infections with other types lower in the hierarchy having CIN2 were not statistically significant for HPV16 multiple infection vs. single infection OR 0.8 95 CI 0.6-1.1 P 0.144 or other genotypes P gt 0.0036 after conservative Bonferroni correction. Whether HPV16 was present or not the risks of single infection versus multiple infection with any number 2 2 or 3 of types for CIN2 were not significantly different. In addition HPV31 33 45 52 58 covered by nonava- lent vaccine added 27.5 of CIN2 23.0 of CIN3 and 12.5 of cancer to the HPV16 18 genotyping. These genotype- groups .