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Network+Certification_Microsoft Press note (8)

Chapter 8, TCP/IP Fundamentals.|1|Chapter Overview.AB.TCP/IP Protocols.IP AddressingChapter 8, Lesson 1.TCP/IP Protocols.|2|1.TCP/IP History.ABCDEF.|3|2.Developed in the 1970s.Created for use on the ARPANET, progenitor of the Internet.Used by UNIX since the inception of the UNIX operating system.TCP/IP predates the PC, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).model, and EthernetDesigned to be platform and operating system independent.TCP/IP standards.1Created with a collaborative development process.2Published as Requests for Comments (RFCs) by the Internet.Engineering Task Force (IETF).3In the public domainTCP/IP Layers|4|AB.|5|C.TCP/IP has its own system of layers that predates the OSI modelAdvantages of a multilayered design, versus a single monolithic.protocol:.1Platform independence.aSeparate protocols make it easier to support a variety of computing.platformsbCreating or modifying protocols to support new physical layer.standards or networking application programming interfaces (APIs).does not require modification of the entire protocol stack2Quality of service.aHaving multiple protocols operating at the same layer makes it.possible for applications to select the protocol that provides only the.level of service required3Simultaneous development.aBecause the stack is split into layers, the development of the various.protocols can proceed simultaneously, using personnel who are.uniquely qualified in the operations of the particular layersThe four TCP/IP layers.1Link.aComparable to the data-link layer in the OSI model.bMost data-link layer protocols used on local area networks (LANs).(such as Ethernet and Token Ring) are not part of the TCP/IP suitec.2.3.4.SLIP and PPP are TCP/IP link layer protocols, used on wide area.networks (WANs)dARP functions partially at the link layerInternet.aEquivalent to the network layer in the OSI model.bIncludes IP, ICMP, and Internet Group Membership Protocol.(IGMP), plus some dynamic routing protocols.Transport.aEquivalent to the transport layer in the OSI model.bIncludes TCP and UDP.Application.aComparable to the session, presentation, and application layers in the.OSI model.bIncludes many protocols, such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol.(HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP)|6|Instructor Note Use Slide 6 to compare the four layers of the TCP/IP model to the seven.layers of the OSI model.|7|3.SLIP and PPP.AB.4|8|ARP.A.B.|9|2Link layer protocols used for WAN communications.Comparable in basic function to data-link layer protocols such as.Ethernet and Token Ring, but not designed for use on LANsC.ARP characteristics.1ARP is the acronym for Address Resolution Protocol2Defined in RFC 826, “Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol”.3Can be considered a link layer protocol or an internet layer protocol.aProvides a service to IP, which indicates the link layer.bARP messages are carried directly inside data-link layer frames (not.in IP datagrams), which indicates the internet layerARP functions.1At the network layer and above, the TCP/IP protocols use IP addresses.to identify computers2To transmit IP data to a computer on the LAN, IP must supply the.destination computer’s hardware (or Media Access Control [MAC]).address to the link (or data-link) layer protocol3IP generates and broadcasts ARP messages to resolve IP addresses into.hardware addressesThe ARP address resolution process.1IP packages transport layer information into a datagram by inserting the.IP address of the destination system into the Destination IP Address field.of the IP header2IP compares the network identifier in the destination IP address to its.own network identifier and determines whether to send the datagram.directly to the destination host or to a router on the local networkOutline, Chapter 8.Network+ Certification, Second Edition.3.|10||11|D.IP gener