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Smart biologics for crop protection in agricultural systems

Crop losses caused by insects, pests, and pathogens remain one of the major problems in sustainable agriculture. Environmental and health concerns regarding the overuse of pesticides, and the impacts of climate change on epidemics are immediate pressing issues. | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Review Article Turk J Agric For (2014) 38: 723-731 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1309-26 Smart biologics for crop protection in agricultural systems 1, 2 Ömür BAYSAL *, Mahmut TÖR Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli Muğla, Turkey 2 National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK 1 Received: 09.09.2013 Accepted: 20.01.2014 Published Online: 15.08.2014 Printed: 12.09.2014 Abstract: Crop losses caused by insects, pests, and pathogens remain one of the major problems in sustainable agriculture. Environmental and health concerns regarding the overuse of pesticides, and the impacts of climate change on epidemics are immediate pressing issues. In addition, the breakdown of plant resistance by pathogen populations brings limitations to the genetic control of diseases. Biologics can be effective in all types of agricultural systems including organic, sustainable, and conventional. Beneficial microorganisms including Bacillus and Trichoderma species have been employed as environmentally safe biopesticides. Molecular and proteomic studies on biopesticides have revealed the nature of antibiotics, secreted enzymes, and inhibitory compounds. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding biological agents and their metabolites including quorum-sensing molecules and volatile compounds, and how they can be used in pest and disease management programs. Key words: Crop protection, Bacillus, Trichoderma, volatile compounds, plant growth- promoting bacteria 1. Introduction Accessing adequate amounts of nutritious, safe, and culturally appropriate foods in an environmentally sustainable manner is important for a growing population (Carvalho, 2006). Producing enough food in the future is possible but care must be taken not to damage the ecosystem and biodiversity. The .