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Xanthagaricus pakistanicus sp. nov. (Agaricaceae): First report of the genus from Pakistan

Xanthagaricus pakistanicus is described as a new species from lowland northern Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular data. It is characterized by a yellowish pileus, covered with dark brown squamules, a stipe with yellowish fibrils, globose basidiospores, and pileal squamules made up of pseudoparenchymatous epithelium with encrusted walls. | Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2018) 42: 123-133 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1705-21 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Research Article Xanthagaricus pakistanicus sp. nov. (Agaricaceae): first report of the genus from Pakistan 1, 2 3 1 4 Shah HUSSAIN *, Najam-ul-Sahar AFSHAN , Habib AHMAD , Hassan SHER , Abdul Nasir KHALID 1 Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan 2 Centre for Undergraduate Studies, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3 Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan 4 Department of Botany, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Received: 10.05.2017 Accepted/Published Online: 25.09.2017 Final Version: 11.01.2018 Abstract: Xanthagaricus pakistanicus is described as a new species from lowland northern Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular data. It is characterized by a yellowish pileus, covered with dark brown squamules, a stipe with yellowish fibrils, globose basidiospores, and pileal squamules made up of pseudoparenchymatous epithelium with encrusted walls. Molecular phylogenetic trees were inferred based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA. In phylogenetic analyses the genus Hymenagaricus sensu lato (s. l.) was inferred as a nonmonophyletic group and recovered in two monophyletic clades, consisting of species of the genera Xanthagaricus and Hymenagaricus sensu stricto (s. str.). On account of the pileal squamule structure (pseudoparenchymatous epithelium) and yellowish basidiospores, and the phylogenetic position in the Xanthagaricus clade the new species X. pakistanicus belongs to the genus Xanthagaricus. Morphoanatomical comparison with the known species of Xanthagaricus is provided. We also made six new combinations in Xanthagaricus: X. calicutensis, X. epipastus, X. ochraceoluteus, X. rufomarginatus, X. subaeruginosus, and X. taiwanensis. With this study the